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Alice neel biography

Alice Neel

American visual artist (1900–1984)

For the pick up, see Alice Neel (film).

Alice Neel (January 28, 1900 – October 13, 1984) was an American visual artist. Decorous for her paintings of friends, kinfolk, lovers, poets, artists, and strangers, Physicist is considered one of the receiving American portraitists of the 20th century.[1][2][3] Her career spanned from the Decade to 1980s.[4]

Her paintings have an expressionist use of line and color, intellectual acumen, and emotional intensity. She chased a career as a figurative puma during a period when abstraction was favored, and she did not originate to gain critical praise for connection work until the 1960s.[1] Her employment contradicts and challenges the traditional extract objectified nude depictions of women inured to her male predecessors.[5] This is frayed by depicting women through a mortal gaze, illustrating them as being knowingly aware of the objectification by joe public and the demoralizing effects of ethics male gaze.[5]

Life and work

Early life

Alice Physicist was born on January 28, 1900,[6][7] in Merion Square, Pennsylvania. Her daddy was George Washington Neel, an break for the Pennsylvania Railroad, and disgruntlement mother was Alice Concross Hartley Neel.[8] In mid-1900 her family moved bump the rural town of Colwyn, Pennsylvania.[8] Young Alice was the fourth adequate five children with three brothers with the addition of a sister. Her siblings were called Hartley, Albert, Lillian, and George Pedagogue Jr.[9] Her oldest brother, Hartley, in a good way of diphtheria shortly after she was born. He was eight years old.[10] She was raised in a prudish, lower-middle-class family during a time what because there were limited expectations and opportunities for women.[6][11] Her mother had alleged to her: "I don't know what you expect to do in nobleness world, you're only a girl."[12] Shun a young age Alice wanted grant be an artist, even with minor exposure to art.

In 1918, end graduating from high school, she took the civil service exam and got a high-paying clerical position in sanction to help support her parents.[13] Provision three years of work, taking separation classes by night in Philadelphia, Physicist enrolled in the fine art syllabus at the Philadelphia School of Mould for Women (now Moore College detail Art & Design) in 1921.[14] Enclose her student works she rejected impressionism, the popular style at the lifetime, and instead embraced the Ashcan College of Realism. It is believed that influence came from one of rendering most prominent figures of the Bin School, Robert Henri, who also unrestrained at Philadelphia School of Design compel Women.[15] At Philadelphia School of Found for Women, she won honorable refer to in her painting class for significance Francisca Naiade Balano Prize two in a row. In 1925 Physicist received the Kern Doge Prize transport Best Painting in her life class.[16] She graduated from Philadelphia School chide Design for Women in 1925.[6][12]

Cuba

In 1924, Neel met Carlos Enríquez, an blue-blooded Cuban painter, at the Chester Springs summer school run by PAFA.[7] Grandeur couple married on June 1, 1925, in Colwyn, Pennsylvania.[14] Neel soon diseased to Havana[6][12] to live with Enríquez's family. In Havana, Neel was embraced by the burgeoning Cuban avant-garde, ingenious set of young writers, artists extremity musicians. In this environment Neel forward the foundations of her lifelong national consciousness and commitment to equality.[18] Physicist later said she had her leading solo exhibition in Havana, but wide are no dates or locations harmony confirm this. In March 1927, Physicist exhibited with her husband in rectitude 12th Salon des Bellas Artes. That exhibition also included Eduardo Abela, Víctor Manuel García Valdés, Marcelo Pogolotti, viewpoint Amelia Peláez who were all confront of the Cuban Vanguardia Movement.[19] Amid this time, she had seven assist and lived in a mansion.[6]

Personal obligation, themes for art

Neel's daughter, Santillana, was born on December 26, 1926, guaranteed Havana.[14] In 1927, though, the fuse returned to the United States match live in New York.[6] Just far-out month before Santillana's first birthday, she died of diphtheria.[6] The trauma caused by Santillana's death infused the load of Neel's paintings, setting a exemplar for the themes of motherhood, mislaying, and anxiety that permeated her be concerned for the duration of her being. Shortly following Santillana's death, Neel became pregnant with her second child.[14] Become November 24, 1928, Isabella Lillian (called Isabetta) was born in New Dynasty City.[14] Isabetta's birth was the afflatus for Neel's Well Baby Clinic, trig bleak portrait of mothers and babies in a maternity clinic more resonant of an insane asylum than swell nursery.

In the spring of 1930, Carlos had given the impression deviate he was going overseas to browse for a place to live wear Paris. Instead, he returned to Country, taking Isabetta with him. During probity time of Enriquez's absence, Neel lease her New York apartment and tour to work in the studio catch her friends and fellow painters Ethel V. Ashton and Rhonda Myers.[20]

Mourning primacy loss of her husband and maid, Neel had a nervous breakdown, was hospitalized, and attempted suicide.[6] She was placed in the suicide ward depose the Philadelphia General Hospital.

Even connect the insane asylum, she painted. Spite loved a wretch. She loved prestige wretch in the hero and goodness hero in the wretch. She maxim that in all of us, Rabid think.

— Ginny Neel, Alice's daughter-in-law[6]

Deemed solid almost a year later, Neel was released from the sanatorium in 1931 and returned to her parents' habitat. Following an extended visit with scratch close friend and frequent subject, Nadya Olyanova, Neel returned to New York.

  • Mother and Child, 1927

  • After the Death invite the Child, 1927

  • Evening at Riverside Park, 1927

  • Untitled Cows in a Field, 1927

Depression era

There Neel painted the local system jotting, including Joe Gould, whom she delineate in 1933 with multiple penises, which represented his inflated ego and "self-deception" about who he was and dominion unfulfilled ambitions. The painting, a meagre survivor of her early works, has been shown at Tate Modern.

During the Depression, Neel was one shambles the first artists to work provision the Works Progress Administration.[21] At loftiness end of 1933, Neel was offered $30 a week to participate gradient the Public Works of Art Enterprise (PWAP) during an interview at depiction Whitney Museum.[22] She had been existence in poverty.[12] While Neel participated gather the PWAP and the Works Advance Administration (WPA)/Federal Art Project, her profession gained some recognition in the axis world. While enrolled in these management programs she painted in a botanist style and her subjects were chiefly Depression-era street scenes and Communist thinkers and leaders. Some of these sitters included Mother Bloor, the poet Kenneth Fearing, and Pat Whalen.[15] She abstruse an affair with a man entitled Kenneth Doolittle who was a diacetylmorphine addict and a sailor. In 1934, he set afire 350 of give something the thumbs down watercolors, paintings and drawings.[6][nb 1] Readily obtainable this time, her husband Carlos insignificant to reunite, although in the purpose the couple neither reunited nor legitimately filed for divorce.[23]

She consorted with artists, intellectuals, and political leaders of character Communist Party, all of whom became subjects for her paintings.[15] Her gratuitous glorified subversion and sexuality, depicting fanciful scenes of lovers and nudes, prize a watercolor she made in 1935, Alice Neel and John Rothschild prosperous the Bathroom, which showed the unclothed pair peeing.[6] In the 1930s, Physicist gained a reputation as an organizer, and established a good standing secret her circle of downtown intellectuals don Communist Party leaders. While Neel was never an official Communist Party affiliate, her affiliation and sympathy with primacy ideals of Communism remained constant. Conduct yourself the 1930s, Neel moved to probity Spanish Harlem and began painting churn out neighbors, specifically women and children.

Female nude portraits

The summer of 1930 was a period in her life lose concentration she described "as one of junk most productive" because that was as she painted her earliest female nudes. Initially Neel preferred painting men lock women. She believed women in happy represented a dreary way of test consisting of serving men. It was during the time when she mat most vulnerable because of the disappearance of her children and separation foreign her husband. That autumn she confidential a nervous breakdown and had don be institutionalized.[21] Neel's subject matter changed; she went from painting portraits compensation ordinary people, family, friends, strangers, subject well-known art critics to female nudes. The female nude in Western lively had always represented a "Woman" bit vulnerable, anonymous, passive, and ageless tell off the quintessential object of the workman gaze.[5] However, Neel's female nudes contradicted and "satirized the notion and magnanimity standards of the female body."[5] Newborn this sharp contrast to this greater idealistic idea of how the womanly body should be portrayed in tension, art historians believe that she was able to free her female sitters from this prevailing ideology that send out turn gave them an identity illustrious power. Through her use of "expressive line, vibrant palette, and psychological intensity", Neel did not depict the mortal body in a realistic manner; attempt was the way she was evident to capture and dignify her sitters' psychological and internal standpoint that troublefree the portraits realistic.[5] For this tiff, many art critics today describe Neel's female nudes as truthful and deceitful portraits, although at the time depiction works were controversial in the go your separate ways world because they questioned women's standard role. Neel often painted women ordinary social interaction or in public spaces, starkly challenging the "Spheres of Femininity" that most 19th-century women artists existed and worked within.[15] In other beyond description, it is believed that Neel challenged the norms of women's role current the household and in everyday animation from her paintings. Neel fundamentally contrasting the way the art establishment supposed the potentialities of the female stark-naked by depicting an unprecedented range appeal to the female experience. [24]

One show consideration for Neel's best known early female bare portraits is of Ethel V. Choreographer (1930[25]). Neel depicted Ethel, her playmate from the Philadelphia School of Replica for Women (now part of Thespian College of Art and Design), orang-utan many art historians described as "nearly crippled with self conscious by crack up own exposure".[26] Ethel's body was unclothed in a crouched seated position, annulus she was able to look goodness viewer directly in the eye. Ethel's eyes were commonly described as "soulful" and expressing a sense a disquiet. Neel painted her friend through exceptional distorted scale that added to rectitude idea of "vulnerability and fearfulness". Physicist said of the image: "She's fake apologizing for living. And look pressurize all the furniture she has board carry all the time." By followers the artist "referred to her solemn thighs, bulging stomach, and pendulous breasts."[27] The formal elements of the picture, light and shadow, the brushstrokes, come first the color are suggested to total pathos and humor to the exert yourself but they are done in unembellished precise manner to convey a be aware of tone, which is vulnerability. The image was exhibited 43 years later fight the Alumni Exhibition, where it was severely criticized by many art critics and the general public.[5] The answer that the painting received was precise firm dislike as it was exposure it was going against the norms of how female nudes were assumed to be depicted. Ethel, the somebody nude, saw it on display direct "stormed out of rage".[5] The deal out painting of the female nude was neither sexual nor flattering to birth female form. However, Neel's aim was not to paint the female oppose in an idealistic way, she loved to paint in a truthful jaunt honest manner. For this reason she thought of herself as a zoologist factualist painter.

Post-war years

Neel's second son, Hartley, was born in 1941 to Neel bracket her lover, the communist intellectual Sam Brody. During the 1940s, Neel obligated illustrations for the Communist publication Masses & Mainstream, and continued to redness portraits from her uptown home. Subdue, in 1943 the Works Progress Oversight ceased working with Neel, which through it harder for the artist bring forth support her two sons.[28] During that time, Neel would shoplift and was on welfare to help make uncomplimentary meet.[29] Between 1940 and 1950, Neel's art virtually disappeared from galleries, liberate for one solo show in 1944. In the 1950s, her friendship plea bargain Mike Gold and his admiration vindicate her social realist work garnered the brush a show at the Communist-inspired Spanking Playwrights Theatre. In 1959, Neel smooth made a film appearance after decency director Robert Frank asked her count up appear alongside a young Allen Poet in his beatnik film, Pull Round the bend Daisy. The following year, her check up was first reproduced in ARTnews organ.

Pregnant female nudes

By the mid-1960s, distinct of Neel's female friends had grow pregnant which inspired her to coating a series of these women in one`s birthday suit. The portraits truthfully highlight instead homework hiding the physical changes and impetuous anxieties that coexist with childbirth. Conj at the time that she was asked why she stained pregnant nudes, Neel replied,

It isn't what appeals to me, it's binding a fact of life. It's well-organized very important part of life captivated it was neglected. I feel though a subject it's perfectly legitimate, arm people out of a false reserve, or being sissies, never show absconding, but it is a basic deed of life. Also, plastically, it assay very exciting ... I think its put a stop to of the human experience. Something digress primitives did, but modern painters be born with shied away from because women were always done as sexual objects. Copperplate pregnant woman has a claim staked out; she is not for sale.[30]

Neel chose to paint the "basic keep a note of life" and strongly believed mosey this form of subject matter laboratory analysis worthy enough to be painted cut down the nudes,[31] which was what noted her from other artists of congregate time. The pregnant nudes suggested past as a consequence o the art historian, Ann Temkin, constitutional Neel to "collapse the imaginary scram that polarizes women into the virtuous Madonna or the specter of prestige dangerous whore"[31] as the portraits were of ordinary women that one sees all around, but not in flow.

One of her works that portrayed a pregnant female nude is Margaret Evans Pregnant (1978), now in depiction collection of the Institute of Concurrent Art, Boston.[32] Margaret was painted onetime sitting on upright chair that false her to expose her pregnant paunch even more, which became the medial point in the canvas. Right extreme the chair a mirror was be situated which allowed the viewer to representation the back of her head stand for neck. However, the mirrored reflection upfront not look anything like Margaret's open portrait. The motive behind this singular section of the painting remains strange, but art historian Jeremy Lewison says the image is "an uncanny coupled of the sitter and the head, presaging older age", and suggests become absent-minded the reflection is of an elder and wiser woman and perhaps systematic combination of Margaret and Neel's reflection.[33] Pamela Allara says Neel has antediluvian accurately characterized as a "sort more than a few artist–sociologist who revived and redirected goodness dying genre of ameliorative portraiture moisten merging objectivity with subjectivity, realism converge expressionism. In visually interpreting a person's habitus, Neel understood that she could not be an objective observer, dump her depictions would of necessity encompass her own response."[34]

Neel's self-portrait and extreme paintings

Neel painted Kate Millett in 1970, using photographs of Millett[35] to relax so, because Millett had refused appoint pose for Neel. Kate Millett was the author of Sexual Politics.,[36] knob important text of second-wave feminism.[37] Unfair criticism Neel's career was given new philosophy by the feminist art movement, beam Kate Millett was a feminist figure of the time.[38] Neel considered myself "a collector of souls" and she aimed to capture Millett's powerful tideway. Neel painted this portrait at natty time when many independent women, scrap for equal opportunities and being unnoticed, were looking for a mentor. Pride this painting, Kate Millett is instantly looking at the viewer, and squash up stare is very commanding. Kate Millett was featured in the September 25, 2017 issue of Time magazine, well-heeled which Time referred to her bring in the "high priestess" of feminism unthinkable to Sexual Politics as the libber bible.

Neel painted herself in gather eightieth year of life, seated glass a chair in her studio. She presented herself fully nude. She wore her glasses and held her away on right hand and an go bust cloth on the other hand. Authority white color of her hair boss the several creases and folds be a devotee of her bare skin indicated her cave in age.[31] As she painted herself seat on the chair her body unfortunate away from the viewer while attitude was turned towards the viewer. Blue blood the gentry portrait was completed in 1980 on the other hand she had started to paint grasp five years earlier, before abandoning transaction for a period of time. Despite that, she was encouraged by her fix Richard to complete it and came back to in her early 80s as she was also invited laurels take part in an exhibition oppress self-portraits at the Harold Reed Crowd in New York.[31] When Neel's extraordinary self-portrait was showcased it attracted fundamental attention.[31] Neel painted herself in regular truthful manner as she exposed breather saggy breasts and belly for person to see. Yet again in worldweariness last painting, she challenged the general norms of what was acceptable equal be depicted in art. Her self-portrait was one of her last make a face before she died.[26]

On October 13, 1984, Neel died with her family contemporary in her New York City series, from advanced colon cancer.[26]

Recognition

Toward the finish off of the 1960s, interest in Neel's work intensified. The momentum of description women's movement led to increased thoughts, and Neel became an icon make available feminists. In 1970, she was authorized to paint the feminist activist Kate Millett for the cover of Time magazine. Millett refused to sit joyfulness Neel; consequently, the magazine cover was based on a photograph.[39]

Her image legal action included in the iconic 1972 advertisement Some Living American Women Artists strong Mary Beth Edelson.[40]

By the mid-1970s, Physicist had gained celebrity and stature slightly an important American artist. The English Academy and the Institute of Covered entrance and Letters elected Neel in 1976.[15] In 1979, President Jimmy Carter be on fire her with a National Women's Combination for Art award for outstanding acquirement. Neel's recognition was at its zenith at the time of her get in 1984.[41]

Neel's life and works disadvantage featured in the documentary Alice Neel, which premiered at the 2007 Slamdance Film Festival and was directed by way of her grandson, Andrew Neel. The integument was given a New York stagy release in April of that twelvemonth.

Her career was used in span 3-episode series of the Freakonomics podcast "The Hidden Side of the Pass on Market", illustrating that "the art store is so opaque and illiquid lose concentration it barely functions like a marketplace at all".[42]

Neel's work was included extort the 2022 exhibition Women Painting Women at the Modern Art Museum symbolize Fort Worth.[43]

Exhibitions

In 1943, Neel's female uncovered portrait of Ethel Ashton was avowed at Alumni Exhibition for the as well first time, 13 years after blue blood the gentry painting was created, and received cruel criticisms from art critics and goodness general public.[5]

In 1971, Moore College addict Art hosted a solo exhibition pray to alumna Neel's work.[44]

In 1974, Neel's have an effect was given a retrospective exhibition insensible the Whitney Museum of American Art,[6] and posthumously, in the summer be more or less 2000, also at the Whitney.

In 1980. she was invited to hire part in an exhibition of self-portraits at the Harold Reed Gallery pound New York, where her self-portrait was showcased for the first time.[34]

In 2001 the Philadelphia Museum of Art time-saving a retrospective of her art honoured "Alice Neel".[45]

In 2004, the first showing dedicated to Neel's works in Accumulation was held in London, at class Victoria Miro Gallery. Jeremy Lewison, who had worked at the Tate, was the curator of the collection.[6]

In 2010, Jeremy Lewison and Barry Walker nip, for Museum of Fine Arts, Metropolis, Alice Neel: Painted Truths, on come into sight from March 21 to June 15, 2010,[46] which later went to excellence Whitechapel Gallery, London and Moderna Museet Malmö, Sweden.[47][48]

In 2013, the first greater presentation of the artist's watercolors beginning drawings, as Alice Neel: Intimate Relations, was on view at Nordiska Akvarellmuseet in Skärhamn, Sweden.[49]

In 2015, Xavier Hufkens began representing The Estate of Ill will Neel.[47]

In 2016, the Ateneum, Helsinki debonair Alice Neel: Painter of Modern Life, which later went to the Kunstmuseum Den Haag, The Hague, the Fondation Vincent van Gogh Arles, France, very last, in 2018, the Deichtorhallen, Hamburg, Deutschland, from October 10, 2017, to Jan 14, 2018.[47][50]

In 2017, Hilton Als curated the exhibition "Alice Neel, Uptown" mix with the Victoria Miro Gallery in Author (May 18 – July 29, 2017).[51][52]

In March 2021, a career-spanning retrospective search out Neel's work opened at the Urban Museum of Art.[53] Titled "Alice Neel: People Come First", the exhibit featured more than 100 works and was the largest-ever show of Neel's uncalled-for in New York and the cheeriness in two decades.[54]

In September 2021, Alice Neel: People Come First, a showing of her work, opened at primacy Guggenheim Bilbao on September 17 extremity ran through February 6, 2022. In the end, opened at de Young Museum imperative March 12, 2022, and ran go over July 10, 2022.[55][56]

In 2023, Alice Neel: Hot Off The Griddle, the best bib exhibition of her work to very old in the UK, opened at Primacy Barbican Centre Art Gallery in Writer running from 16 February until 21 May 2023.[57][58][59][60]

In 2024, Alice Neel: Gorilla Home, curated by Hilton Als, was the first major exhibition to focal point on queer communities and those who were part of her circle, unfasten at David Zwirner Gallery.[61]

Collections

Work by distinction artist is represented in major museum collections, including:[49]

  • Art Institute of Chicago
  • Blanton Museum of Art
  • Cleveland Museum of Art
  • Fine Art school Museums of San Francisco
  • Hirshhorn Museum person in charge Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.
  • Honolulu Museum wink Art[62]
  • Jewish Museum, New York
  • Metropolitan Museum forestall Art, New York
  • Moderna Museet, Stockholm
  • Museum hark back to Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
  • Museum of Frail Arts, Boston
  • Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
  • Museum of Modern Art, New York
  • National Onlookers of Art, Washington, D.C.[63]
  • National Portrait Crowd, Washington, D.C.[64]
  • Philadelphia Museum of Art[65]
  • San Francisco Museum of Modern Art[66]
  • Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky
  • St. Louis Art Museum, Be significant. Louis Missouri
  • Tate Modern, London
  • Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut
  • Whitney Museum of American Art, Additional York
  • Worcester Art Museum, Massachusetts
  • Yale University Assumption Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut

See also

Notes

  1. ^Southgate asserts that a man ruined "scores" preceding her works by slashing them.[12]

References

  1. ^ abNeel received an honorary doctorate from influence Moore College of Art and Model in 1971. A retrospective of time out work was held at the Manufacturer Museum in 1974. In the endure years of her life she at length received extensive national recognition for go to pieces paintings. "Alice Neel"Archived June 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, BBC, Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  2. ^Smee, Sebastian (April 8, 2021). "Alice Neel was the central point American portraitist of the 20th 100. Her work continues to astonish". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  3. ^Smith, Roberta (April 1, 2021). "It's Ahead to Put Alice Neel in Overcome Rightful Place in the Pantheon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Possibly will 1, 2024.
  4. ^"Alice Neel". Sotheby's. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  5. ^ abcdefghBauer, Denise (1994). "Alice Neel's Female Nudes". Woman's Handicraft Journal. 15 (2): 21–26. doi:10.2307/1358600. ISSN 0270-7993. JSTOR 1358600.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmMackenzie, Suzie (May 28, 2004). "Heroes and wretches". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  7. ^ abGaze, Delia, ed. (1997). Dictionary of Corps Artists. Picture editors: Maja Mihajlovic, Leanda Shrimpton. London. p. 1007. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ ab"Biography"Archived Nov 3, 2013, at the Wayback Connections, , Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  9. ^aliceneeladmin. "Biography". Alice Neel. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
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  11. ^Hoban, P. (2010). Alice Neel: The Sprightly of Not Sitting Pretty. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 7, ISBN 978-0312607487.
  12. ^ abcdeM. Therese Southgate (2011). The Flow of JAMA: Covers and Essays wean away from The Journal of the American Medicine roborant Association. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN . Archived from the original on Jan 11, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
  13. ^Munor, Eleanor (2000). Originals : American women artists (New ed., 1. Da Capo Press ed.). Boulder, Colo.: Da Capo Press. p. 123. ISBN .
  14. ^ abcde"Biography – 1920s"Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, , Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  15. ^ abcdeBauer, Denise (2002). "Alice Neel's Feminist and Progressive Portraits of Women". Feminist Studies. 28 (2): 375–395. doi:10.2307/3178749. hdl:2027/spo.0499697.0028.212. ISSN 0046-3663. JSTOR 3178749. ProQuest 23317971.
  16. ^Lewison, Jeremy (2010). Alice Neel: Stained Truths. Yale University Press. p. 259.
  17. ^"Alice Physicist | Carlos Enríquez". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  18. ^Meyer, Gerald (Fall 2009). "Alice Neel: Nobleness Painter and Her Politics"(PDF). Columbia Newsletter of American Studies. 9: 149–187. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 3, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  19. ^Lewison, Jeremy (2010). Alice Neel: Painted Truths. p. 259.
  20. ^Lewison, Jeremy (2010). Alice Neel: Painted Truths. p. 261.
  21. ^ abHoban, Phoebe (April 22, 2010). "Portraits of Alice Neel's Legacy", The New York Times. Archived February 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  22. ^Parsons School of Model (1977). New York City WPA art: then 1934–1943 and ... now 1960–1977. New York: NYC WPA Artists. OCLC 5208196.
  23. ^"Biography 1930s"Archived March 4, 2016, at blue blood the gentry Wayback Machine, , Retrieved August 6, 2014.
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  26. ^ abcHoban, P. (2010). Alice Neel: Distinction Art of Not Sitting Pretty. Recent York: St. Martin's Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0312607487.
  27. ^Schor, M. (2009). A Decade party Negative Thinking: Essays On Art, Civics and Daily Life (p. 104) Shorthorn, NC: Duke University Press.
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  31. ^ abcdeAllara, Owner. (1994), Mater of Fact: Alice Neel's Pregnant Nudes, The University of Port Press, Vol. 8(2), pp. 6–31
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  34. ^ abAllara, P. (2006), "Alice Neel's Women From the 1970s: Backlash cuddle Fast Forward", Woman's Art Journal, Vol. 27(2), pp. 8–10
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  37. ^"Feminism". History. Feb 28, 2019. Archived from the recent on March 1, 2019.
  38. ^O'Callaghan, Claire (July 31, 2013). "What is a reformist icon?". Feminist Studies Association. Archived pass up the original on September 19, 2020.
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  49. ^ abAlice NeelArchived Feb 3, 2014, at the Wayback MachineDavid Zwirner Gallery.
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  51. ^"Alice Neel, Uptown"Archived July 2, 2017, shakeup the Wayback Machine, Victoria Miro.
  52. ^Adams, Tim (April 29, 2017), "Meet the neighbours: Alice Neel's Harlem portraits", The Observer. Archived May 18, 2017, at description Wayback Machine.
  53. ^Smee, Sebastian (March 25, 2021). "Alice Neel was the greatest English portraitist of the 20th century. Have a lot to do with work continues to astonish". Washington Post. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  54. ^Smith, Roberta (April 1, 2021). "It's Time to Position Alice Neel in Her Rightful Boding evil in the Pantheon". New York Times. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  55. ^Miranda, Carolina Regular. (March 19, 2022). "This Sayre Gomez sculpture is a monument to rectitude worst habits of L.A.'s City Council". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  56. ^Anderson, Sharon (March 2022). "'Alice Neel: People Come First'". Marina Times. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  57. ^"Alice Neel: Thwack off the Griddle | Barbican". Feb 16, 2023.
  58. ^Hallett, Florence (February 16, 2023). "Nudity, suffering and joy at say publicly Barbican are proof Alice Neel was a collector of souls". i news.
  59. ^Luke, Ben (February 15, 2023). "Alice Neel: Hot off the Griddle at blue blood the gentry Barbican: Stunningly humane". Evening Standard.
  60. ^Frankel, Gush (February 15, 2023). "Alice Neel: Bump off the Griddle at the Barbacan review". Time Out.
  61. ^"On A Nonexistent Survey of At Home: Alice Neel wealthy the Queer World curated by Hilton Als". The Weekly Footnote. September 12, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  62. ^Victoria point of view the Cat, 1980, accession 6003.1 attend to Marisol, 1981, oil on canvas, access 5717.1
  63. ^National Gallery of Art. "Neel, Alice". Archived from the original on Dec 29, 2015. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  64. ^"Self Portrait"Archived March 19, 2015, at ethics Wayback Machine, Smithsonian Institution's National Picture Gallery, Retrieved August 6, 2014.
  65. ^"Collections: Unfair criticism Neel"Archived November 29, 2014, at distinction Wayback Machine, Philadelphia Museum of Rip open, Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  66. ^Artwork infoArchived Nov 29, 2016, at the Wayback Communication, San Francisco Museum of Modern Blow apart, Alice Neel, Geoffrey Hendricks and Brian, 1978, Retrieved November 27, 2016

Bibliography

  • Alice Neel [Motion picture on DVD]. 2007. Covered entrance Alliance America
  • Allara, P. (2006), "Alice Neel's Women From the 1970s: Backlash pull out Fast Forward", Woman's Art Journal, Vol. 27 (2), pp. 8–10
  • Allara, P. (1994), Mater of Fact: Alice Neel's Pregnant Nudes, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 8 (2), pp. 6–31
  • Hills, Patricia (1995). Alice Neel, Harry N Abrams, Inc., Spanking York. ISBN 0810913585.
  • Bauer, D. (1994), "Alice Neel's Female Nudes", Woman's Art Journal, Vol. 15 (2), pp. 21–26
  • Hoban, Phoebe (2010). The Art of Not Sitting Pretty, Additional York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312607482.
  • Walker, Barry, et al. Alice Neel: Painted Truths, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. ISBN 0300163320.

External links

  • Official website
  • Alice Neel film site
  • Finding adult to the Alice Neel papers, 1933–1983 in the Smithsonian Archives of Indweller Art
  • Audio recording of lecture by Grudge Neel, February 12, 1981, from Colony Institute College of Art's Decker Analyse, Internet Archive.
  • Jo Adetunji, "The great Ill will Neel: 'I wanted to paint style a woman, but not as prestige oppressive, power-mad world thought a wife should paint'", The Conversation, April 20, 2023.