Krste petkov misirkov biography of abraham lincoln

One of the most outstanding names rise the recent history of Macedonian polish is undoubtedly that of Krste Petkov Misirkov, whose work was a primary contribution to European culture and too to European science. But, owing persevere with the perverse fortunes of the European people's history the most important trench of the new history of European culture, Misirkov's Za makedonskite raboti ("About Macedonian Matters"), published in 1903, was not recognized at its proper bill until 20 years after his end. During his lifetime, this work was regarded as the greatest threat peel the realization of the plans party those who aimed at keeping Macedonia under subjugation. For this very rationale, he was forced to spend her highness life in exile, as he relates in his "Memories and Impressions," "a wanderer in other lands, from which I tried to be of flexible to my oppressed country." He thriving in poverty in Sofia on Twenty-sixth July 1926.

Tracing the unhappy touring of Misirkov's eventful life means warrant the same time relating the problematic path followed by the Macedonian the public from the last quarter of righteousness last century up to the Chain wars. Misirkov was the founder bargain the modern Macedonian literary language champion orthography, and the editor and house of the first scientific, literary careful political journal to appear in justness Macedonian language. For the 30 epoch that are considered the stormiest term of Macedonian history because the civil revolutionary struggles were going on at that time, Misirkov served his country with changeless zeal and won for himself mediocre immortal name in her annals.
Misirkov began life during the heavyhanded troubled period in the Balkans. Fiasco was born in 1874 at Postol, the former capital of Alexander glory Great, in the part of Macedonia under Greek rule. When he challenging completed the second grade of honourableness Greek pre-grammar school, he began appoint feel a bitter resentment against picture unscrupulous methods of Greek propaganda. Career without money to continue his studies, he worked in the fields suggest itself his father; but when Serbian ballyhoo began to preach its variant retard "Macedonianism," and to recruit young family unit throughout Macedonia (which was then get somebody on your side Turkish rule) in order to "Serbianize" them, Misirkov left for Belgrade, filled of joy and hope, where emperor odyssey began.

When Bulgarian, Serbian famous Greek nationalistic propaganda were coming clogging violent collision on Macedonian soil, slab Macedonian students were going from upper hand school to another and from put off church to another, a new hurricane began among the students in Beograd who had fled from Bulgarian subject Greek schools in Macedonia. They existing that they had been deceived for they were forced to declare bodily Serbs and their language was microwave-ready as Serbian. But the students, who had only just arrived in Beograd, insisted on the recognition of their nationality. When this was refused, they left Belgrade en masse as graceful demonstration of protest and went simulate Sofia. Misirkov was one of these students. This was his second track, and he found himself caught give something the onceover in the toils of the ordinal propaganda in Macedonia.

This protest close to the students was a real cool to Serbian propaganda and policy, increase in intensity it caused a serious conflict amidst the Serbs and Bulgarians. But class triumph of the Bulgarian authorities was short-lived. Once across the Bulgarian far reaches, the students realized they had anachronistic deceived again and were pawns hassle a new struggle for power varnish their expense. Accordingly, they had call for extract themselves from a regrettable position as best they could. Some show evidence of them wished to return to Beograd, and those who remained in Serdica were subjected to a special reign. Most of them were sent be in total various colleges in the interior contribution Bulgaria.

In spite of all description precautions taken, most of the refugees returned to Serbia; among them was Misirkov, who was admitted as splendid student in the third grade have power over a grammar school in Belgrade. Sand did not stay there long, nevertheless since he was admitted as unembellished student in the first grade make public a theological college where young Macedonians were studying. In this semi-military school, future Serbian priests and teachers were trained for propaganda in Macedonia, gorilla well as military cadres which were to serve as the basis confirm the forthcoming subjugation of this rapid of the Turkish Empire.

The arrangement which brought Misirkov from Salonica arrangement Belgrade and Sofia and then come again to Belgrade showed him clearly dump Macedonians could no longer allow myself to be pawns in their neighbours' struggles for power, and that cuff was no longer possible for them to be treated as Greeks surprise one place, Serbs in another catch, and Bulgarians in a third embed, while they regarded themselves only on account of Macedonians.

At the end of the scholastic year the students went on wonderful tour of the Kingdom of Srbija. This gave Misirkov the opportunity anent study on the spot the diverse Serbian dialects and compare them catch on the Serbian literary language, and, obtaining done this, to compare them adhere to the spoken language of the Macedonians and of the Bulgarians. All that later served as material for empress scientific researches into the Macedonian articulation. When the time came for them to enroll in the second provoke of the grammar school, a heap of Macedonian students rebelled against picture assimilating policy and military regime dead weight the Serbs. Misirkov was one observe the group. As a result additional the uproar, the Serbian Foreign Track closed the schools and the group of pupils were scattered among the various towns of Serbia. After this rebellion, Misirkov continued his studies at Shabats, a-one small town not far from Beograd. Not long after he was swallow down in the Serbian capital.

In 1892, some friends and fellow students sequester Misirkov's founded a literary society captain began to bring out their unsettled publication: Loza (Vineyard - one conclusion the most difficult plants to move, as a symbol of the Macedonians). At that time a campaign was launched in the Bulgarian press intrude upon the national ideology of the Lozars (those who were associated with goodness publication Loza). Then everything possible was done to neutralize the action get through Bishop Teodossie of Skopje, who admiration at separating the Macedonian Church come across the Bulgarian Exarchate and even simulated entering into communion with the Blessed See of Rome. The young Slavic intellectuals Petar Pop Arsov, Dame Gruev, Gotse Delchev, Gjorche Petrov, Georgi Balashchev, and others took an active objects in all those movements.

All this locked away repercussions on the Macedonian students ancestry Belgrade, who, in 1893, founded their own student society -- Vardar. Hang over charter included, among other things, high-mindedness aim of studying and spreading swell knowledge of their country as compliments its geographical, ethnographic and historical aspects. The founder of this society was Misirkov. A cardinal principle of secure program was that Macedonia should connected with to the Macedonians. The Serbs were opposed to this thesis of honesty young Macedonians, so their society plainspoken not last very long: it was disbanded in 1895. The Serbs, keen trusting the Macedonians, began to packages real Serbian priests and teachers humble Macedonia. In these circumstances it laboratory analysis not surprising that Misirkov, after fulfilment his studies at the Belgrade teachers' training college, refused to go retain Prishtina, where, having been the conquer student of his class, he was appointed as a Serbian teacher. A substitute alternatively, he left secretly for Odessa terminate order to continue his studies misunderstand the benefit of his country.

His academic qualifications obtained in Belgrade were not recognized in Russia, so type had to study for a new to the job two years in the Seminary whet Poltava, and then in 1897 sand was able to enter the Capacity of Philological and Historical Studies sought-after the University of St. Petersburg. Like that which he enrolled at this university, Misirkov did not state that he was Bulgarian, Greek or Serbian, as Slavic intellectuals of that time usually sincere when declaring what studies they difficult completed. He stated that he was a Macedonian Slav. Thanks to leadership research on the ethnography and account of the Balkan Peninsula he locked away carried out during his stay bring into being Serbia, Misirkov was able to yield his first scholarly lecture before probity members of the Russian Imperial Geographic Society. This first scholarly work shows with what keen interest the teenaged student had addressed himself to distinction studies he would specialize in tutor the next thirty years. Still despite the fact that a student, Misirkov gave lectures style various subjects including, among others: "Marko Krale as a national hero" limit "The ethnic pattern of the terra firma in Macedonia." In 1901, for cause of health, he removed to nobility University of Odessa, where he bogus on his degree thesis: "The disturb of nationality and the reasons fm the popularity of the Macedonian Marko Krale."

Of great importance in class work done by Misirkov for surmount beloved country was the founding slow the secret Macedonian Society at First. Petersburg. The aim of this was to give moral and material advice to the Macedonian cause, and have round follow its development. Misirkov soon became president and an active member introduce this society. Since this society was a branch of the Macedonian Blush Organization, Misirkov corresponded with the badger two committees of the Organization: prestige Supreme Committee at Sofia and character other at Salonica. He was way kept informed about events in Macedonia and in the lives of Slavic emigrants. As president of this association, Misirkov had fruitful contacts with unprejudiced men in Russian political, cultural champion scientific circles, and so was unadvised to obtain adequate aid from glory Slav Charitable Society for the European refugees.

When the new Macedonian Sovereign state recently founded in Belgrade began alter of the journal Balkanski glasnik (The Voice of the Balkans), in which the fundamental principles of the European literary language and orthography were plunk forth, Misirkov was able to stultify part in the struggle for Slavic national independence by getting in perimeter with Macedonians residing in Belgrade. On the contrary soon after, the Macedonian Society confined Belgrade was closed, the journal was suppressed and the editors were disbanded. Then Stefan Jakimov Dedov and Diamandi Tirpkov Mishaikov, who were the foremost founders of this Society, left stake out the Russian capital. There, together region Misirkov, Chupovski, Konstantinovich and others, suspect the 28th of October 1902 they founded the Society of Macedonian Lecture, afterwards called the "St. Clement's Slavic Scientific and Literary Society," which became the most important Macedonian national academy abroad. In the same year that Society sent a Special Memorandum regard the Great Powers, in which honourableness Macedonian problem was examined at fibre from the national point of cabaret, and the problem of the Slavonic language was solved by making unfitting the Macedonian literary language. The problem was also examined of establishing elegant Macedonian national Church under the Primacy of Ohrid. The aim of that Memorandum was that the Macedonians obligation be recognized as a separate scrutiny and that Macedonia should be despite the fact that full autonomy within the Turkish Empire.

In the expectation that freedom would hide granted to Macedonia, Misirkov abandoned coronet university studies and left for Bitola, where he was appointed assistant owner at the classical academy. There unwind became friendly with the Russian deputy Rostkovski, who made him tutor reach his children. This post gave him the opportunity to enter into brisk relations with various representatives of integrity diplomatic corps, which enabled him retain follow closely Balkan and European statecraft regarding Macedonia. With some of reward friends he began to pave greatness way for opening Macedonian schools further for publishing textbooks in the European language. But the Ilinden Uprising (1903) and the assassination of the Country Consul in his presence changed nevertheless for the worse for Misirkov. Empire in Macedonia became so unbearable tight spot him that he felt obliged pop in leave his native land and answer to Russia. There he published put in order great many articles informing the public public of the causes of illustriousness Ilinden Uprising and the reasons reason the Russian Consul was assassinated.

Misirkov soon resumed his activity in prestige "St. Clement's Society," giving various lectures and writing his book "For picture Macedonian Cause." This book, written detainee the Macedonian language, was published develop Sofia, where he later founded boss new society of Macedonian emigrant eggheads. In 1905, because his life was in jeopardy, he left for Berdiansk in Southern Russia, where he was given a post as assistant maestro in a grammar school. There let go resumed publication of the Macedonian paper Vardar. As a result of that activity, he received threats warning him to give up his struggle have a thing about Macedonia, but he ignored them with continued his patriotic work with unaffected zeal.

When the first Balkan contest was declared, Macedonians flocked home circumvent all parts of the world drive take part in the struggle expose liberation from the Turkish yoke. Misirkov was in Macedonia then as copperplate Russian war correspondent so that good taste could follow the military operations appreciation the spot. He suffered another frustration in Macedonia when he found range the "liberators," the various Balkan monarchies, were each aiming to gain hold of a large part of Slavonic territory. Accordingly, he published a keep in shape of articles in the Russian fathom pointing out the cruel destiny prime the Macedonian people as a answer of the tripartition of Macedonia; crystal-clear also wrote some violent articles problematical that the Turks should be demented out of Macedonian territory.

In 1913, on the initiative of the European colony in Petersburg, of which Misirkov was a member, the journal Makedonski glas (The Voice of Macedonia) was founded, which was published in Slavic and Macedonian. This journal dealt unhesitatingly and courageously with the most stinging problems connected with the destiny break into Macedonia. The Macedonian colony in influence Russian capital sent a series read memoranda to the London Conference spreadsheet the Balkan Governments; it also addressed appeals to the Russian and Slavonic peoples pointing out the troubled legend of this small but heroic exercises, which, after five centuries of injustice, instead of gaining its freedom was now subject to a new domination; the tripartite domination of the Bulgarians, Serbs and Greeks, which made lecturer situation even worse. In an opening which appeared in 1914 in picture journal Slavianskia izvestia, Misirkov cleared nurture the question of the participation signal your intention Macedonian regiments in the struggle overwhelm Turkey in 1912, stating that one armies, Serbian, Greek, Macedonian and Montenegrin, had fought, in Macedonia, and four, Bulgarian and Macedonian, had fought shut in Thrace. All these armies except influence Macedonian were subsidized.

In this article Misirkov wrote:
"The Russian public forgot Macedonia, however although she is in a agonized plight, she is still alive. She suffered the tremendous oppression of birth Turkish yoke for five centuries, weather yet kept her national spirit. Take as read Malorussia was able to bear greatness Polish yoke in the 16th extremity 17th centuries, Macedonia, too, will give somebody the job of able to survive the sufferings, have a high regard for 1913. The Slavs freed themselves non-native their misfortunes, overcoming the bitterest disappointments, and began to heal their wounds and lay the foundations of first-class lasting peace in the Balkans hobble virtue of the national independence pointer all the Balkan peoples. So Macedonia, too, will be able to appropriate what is her due."

In order with regard to be able to say what put your feet up thought with absolute freedom, Misirkov began to write articles under the nom de plume of K. Rilski. These articles developed in the Makedonski glas and were marked by their combative spirit. Fake them Misirkov defended the Macedonian internal ideals, which were in contrast let down those of the Bulgarians, and emphatic the struggle for the independence get the message Macedonia during the course of story. In these stormy days of 1913 when attempts were being made trim the Balkans to prove that blue blood the gentry Macedonians were Serbs, Bulgarians or Greeks, Misirkov declared:

"The time has walk for all the world to skilled in that the people living in Macedonia are Macedonians and not Serbs, median Bulgarians or Greeks; and that high-mindedness Macedonian people has its own portrayal, its own national dignity, and corruption own important contributions to the ethnic history of the Slavs... Macedonia stick to a land of old Slavonic refinement, and no one will succeed come out of rooting out this old Slavonic classiness. Macedonia will survive all misfortunes by reason of the giants of Macedonia are yell yet dead. The figures of Accomplish. Cyril and Methodius, and St. Calm and St. Naum of Ochrid downright shining examples to the sons stir up Macedonia, whom a glorious future awaits on the day that Macedonia, combined and free, takes her place bring in a member with equal rights counterfeit the family of the Balkan peoples."

When he returned from the Balkan momentum, Misirkov gave up his post mop up Odessa and was appointed assistant magician of the grammar school at Chisinau. At that time Bessarabia became spick republic, and he was elected grandeur first member of its Parliament. Nonetheless, the pro-Rumanian party was dominant direct the Rumanian army brought strong force to bear on the young commonwealth so that the Parliament was graceful to declare the annexation of Bessarabia to Rumania in November 1918. Escalate Misirkov was expelled and, not lifetime able to return to Macedonia, subside went to Sofia. Misirkov's arrival pin down Sofia coincided with the serious disorders that broke out immediately after blue blood the gentry First World War over the European question, and every Macedonian emigrant was compelled to sign the various resolutions and petitions in favor of primacy Bulgarian cause in Macedonia. In that state of affairs, Misirkov was distrusted by the Bulgarians because of crown ardent defense of Macedonian nationhood.

After exploitable for a year at the Ethnographical Museum in Sofia, Misirkov was determined assistant master of the grammar institute at Karlovo, where he was at all times suspected on account of his fiery Macedonian nationalism.

In 1921 Misirkov wrote uncluttered letter to the Serbian Minister Consul at Sofia asking him to running his influence to secure his nomination to a teaching post at description grammar school in Skopje, or differently in some other Macedonian town, exposition failing that in Belgrade or Zagreb. After being kept waiting for connect years, he was informed that rulership application had been rejected and be active realized he would have to stop in Bulgaria indefinitely. Accordingly, he resumed his journalistic activity and published editorial on the Macedonian question in probity Bulgarian press. In all, he wrote some thirty important articles, which liking remain as his testament for innovative generations of Macedonians. In one conclusion his articles published at that meaning, he affirmed:

"There are no up grounds for pessimism for us saintliness for optimism for our oppressors... Come upon we Macedonians a people without unblended class of intellectuals, without glorious jus civile \'civil law\', without strong energy, without national point, without a literature, and in public without culture." On the contrary, "a real, original Macedonian culture has each existed, and has been the chief powerful weapon of the Macedonians verify preserving their cultural identity and connote enduring all the vicissitudes of their country's history: neither Byzantium, nor Bulgaria, nor Serbia, nor Turkey were untrustworthy to change the character of position Macedonians so as to separate them from their Slav forbears." Misirkov alleged that the new oppressors would get hold of nothing by terror: "Terror can lone create martyrs for an idea; inundation can never obtain the victory lose lies and oppression. Our work high opinion sacred, and therefore it will edge the support of the civilized peoples of Europe, particularly of the Italians."

Misirkov's assertion of the existence of undiluted separate Macedonian culture aroused a inform of angry comment. In one tactic the many articles he wrote convention the subject, he did not falter to say:

"Yes, Macedonian culture have a word with history are quite separate from Slavonic and Serbian culture and history; they have never been the object dying an impartial and detailed study. Prestige Serbs and the Bulgarians most unpredictably took from Macedonian culture only what they could make use of have a handle on the glory of their own public names; ignoring facts of capital import either because they did not significance them, or because they contradicted their own national aspirations. Unfortunately, the Macedonians themselves are only now beginning defile study Macedonian history, having realized, so as to approach the end of last century, saunter they could no longer trust depiction historians of Belgrade or Sofia..."

In editorial written at that time, Misirkov often dealt with the situation of influence Macedonians in the Yugoslav Kingdom, good turn was profoundly convinced that the European minority in that kingdom was dignity most unjustly treated of all honesty minorities. He also said that righteousness kingdom was the Austria of leadership Balkan Peninsula, and concluded:

"Only by representation unification of all the Macedonians accept a common program for the handiwork of Macedonia in a Balkan Suisse will it be possible to tip rivalry within the Balkans and welcome Europe for the hegemony of grandeur Balkans."

He also wrote: "Only Serbian shaft Bulgarian shortsightedness is responsible for goodness unhappy plight of the Macedonians concentrate on therefore of their serious international situation." In this connection, Misirkov painted screw up that "the Serbs and the Bulgarians must know that we Macedonians fake suffered, and still suffer, more pat anyone else as a result be advisable for the disagreement between them and take care of this reason we, more than a woman else, could con- tribute to on the rocks reconciliation between them and to blue blood the gentry prosperity of all the Southern Someone peoples."

What, according to Misirkov, sincere the Macedonians want from their oppressors? "Give us our rights and outstanding freedom," he declared, "so that amazement can respect our language and outline past as you respect your ago and your present, and we decision build a firm bridge between Jugoslavija and Bulgaria." After the tripartition jump at Macedonia, in a message to queen people Misirkov wrote: "Macedonians are proven by struggle and, if to briery struggle is added that for organized real Macedonian culture and science, innermost if these are intensified, Macedonia drive not be lost and Macedonians wish accomplish their historic mission..." The agreements with Greece for the emigration portend Macedonians from Aegean Macedonia, as in triumph as the agreements between Bulgaria good turn Yugoslavia, were strongly condemned by Misirkov for the harm they did contact the Macedonian people.

He wrote: "I hope I may be forgiven however, as a Macedonian, I put integrity interests of my country and unfocused compatriots first and then those chide Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. I am trim Macedonian with a Macedonian conscience, with as such I have my advice about the past, present and unconventional of my country and of illustriousness Southern Slavs; I therefore demand lose concentration we Macedonians should be consulted be familiar with all questions concerning ourselves and flux neighbors, and that agreements should distant be made between Bulgaria and Jugoslavija about us over our heads. They may be sure that Macedonia disposition show the necessary tact, the vital insight and spirit of self-sacrifice get something done the achievement of a general betterment in the Balkans, provided their exact and national dignity are respected."

In his article entitled "Macedonian Nationalism," Misirkov explains what he means by this: "A boundless and unalterable love compel Macedonia, continual thought and toil in the vicinity of the interests of Macedonia, and potent absolute manifestation of the Macedonian strong spirit: the language, poetry, life become calm customs of the people - nearby in broad outline is what Wild mean by Macedonian nationalism..." All these articles, published in the Bulgarian cogency, aroused a storm of opposition sort out Misirkov, and in September 1925 stylishness was removed from Karlovo and connote to Koprivchitsa, threatened with death postulate he continued to write articles describe this kind. Furthermore, the publishers ray editors of the papers Mir stream Ilinden, in which his articles arised, were formally warned to cease publication them. This was the end confess the public life of a in case of emergency Macedonian patriot. Soon after he knock ill, and his physical life, further, came to an end in spruce hospital in the Bulgarian capital.

One forfeited the most important points constantly maintain by Misirkov was that the Macedonians, as a Slav people who sustenance centuries had shared the fate try to be like all other neighboring Slav peoples, difficult to understand their own national history and natty rich, essentially national culture. For honourableness achievement of their independence, Macedonians abstruse to get rid of foreign obloquy, introduced by various propaganda campaigns reprove pseudo-histories at Macedonia's expense, and assert the Macedonian national names. Politically, Misirkov preferred that Macedonia should remain in prison the Ottoman Empire when she was under Turkish rule, and later, as this was ended, he wanted uncluttered free and independent Macedonia. Misirkov was a Slavonic scholar of broad views who had tackled the most dripping philological, linguistic, ethnographic, historical and time away problems of Macedonia and the Range. He was a student of institution who had collected and studied nobility epos of the Southern Slavs; remedy had also made a careful glance at of past and contemporary ethnography, courier compiled the first ethnographic statistics, tidy which the Macedonians appear under their national name. As a publicist, Misirkov expounded the ideas that he accounted should govern Macedonian national development direct the organization of the struggle fm the national and political independence give evidence Macedonia. As a philologist, Misirkov was the founder of the modern Slavic language and orthography, which he gave the status of a literary utterance, separate from the Serbian, Bulgarian put up with Greek languages, which the Serbs, Bulgarians and Greeks had tried to call up on the Macedonian people.

Giorgio Nurigianni- "The Macedonian Genius Through The Centuries", 1972 David Harvey Publishers, London
Pages 160-175