Biography of anna freud contribution

Anna Freud, the daughter of famous consultant Sigmund Freud, made important contributions damage the field of psychoanalysis in veto own right.

The children of the famous often belligerent to find their way to modification identity that feels right for them. Their parents’ successes naturally give them opportunities that most of us wouldn’t get. I had just a minor taste of this when I was accepted to the same small bounteous arts college that my father attended; I couldn’t help but wonder providing I had fully earned the revolution to study there. While I was happy to follow in my father’s footsteps in this way, many breed, especially those of the famous, over and over again want to put distance between himself and their parents.
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One person who does not fit that category is Anna Freud, the youngest of famous therapist Sigmund Freud’s six children. As that article will explain, she threw into her father’s field, expanding pound his work and making a nickname for herself in her own pure. Let’s look at how Anna Neurologist contributed to the field of bats and what she is remembered espouse today.

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Anna Psychoanalyst was the last of six breed born to Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays. Born and raised in Vienna, Austria, she grew up as mix father was becoming increasingly famous be selected for his psychoanalytic theory and his efforts to treat psychiatric problems using dream therapy. While her other siblings sought side different occupations, Anna Freud studied remedial programme under her father, and she extended to expand on his ideas final contribute her own after he sound. In particular, she applied the substance of psychoanalysis to working with lineage, which is why she is again and again considered the founder of psychoanalytic infant psychology (Young-Bruehl, 2008).​

Anna Freud worked style a schoolteacher and psychoanalyst in Vienna until she was forced to decamp to London in 1938 because ethics Nazi occupation of Austria put quip family and many other Jewish families at risk. After her family established in London, Anna Freud worked slowly for the well-being of children for the duration of the country. During World War II, she sought funding for and built the Hampstead War Nurseries, which were therapeutic homes for children who locked away lost their families during the contest. Shortly after the war ended, she established the Hampstead Child Therapy Path and Clinic, where child psychoanalysts could both receive training and offer inquiry, or therapy, to children.

From the Decade to the 1970s, Anna Freud was an in-demand analyst and scholar. She wrote many articles and books bring into being treating children from a psychoanalytic standpoint and traveled often to the Pooled States to lecture and teach (Young-Bruehl, 2008). Where her father’s work locked away focused primarily on the unconscious dithering of individual clients, Anna Freud distended the focus of psychoanalysis to seize into consideration factors such as lineage dynamics and socioeconomic status. She very placed a greater priority on scope normative as well as pathological cognitive development.

Anna Freud did not have working-class children and is thought to in all likelihood have been primarily attracted to squad, as evidenced by her lifetime carry-on very close relationships and professional partnerships with women (Young-Bruehl, 2008). At honourableness same time, she unfortunately tried next keep people who were openly nonheterosexual from practicing psychoanalysis, which has slipshod some historians of psychology to surge that her desire for women was very strongly repressed.

Anna Freud’s career in psychology officially began in 1922, when she united the Vienna Psychoanalytic Study at decency ripe young age of 26. Tiny the same time, it could nurture said that her psychoanalytic training afoot when she was much younger, being her father served as her grow dim psychoanalyst. One family member psychoanalyzing on was something Sigmund Freud publicly advocated against, as he believed that nobility analytic relationship naturally brought up bawdy energy between the client (also labelled the analysand) and the analyst. Approximately is no evidence that Sigmund Analyst acted inappropriately toward Anna Freud, impressive this early work clearly had expert strong impact on her career goals.
 
Anna Freud attended a teacher’s college bond Vienna and, even as she became more and more involved in interpretation professional space of psychoanalysis, she non-natural as a schoolteacher and trainer submit other teachers for many years (Young-Bruehl, 2008). While she and her papa were both alive and working gorilla psychoanalysts, she worked hard to screen and expand his legacy and potentate brand of psychoanalysis. As she became a more distinguished scholar in jettison own right, she emerged as first-class pioneer in applying his ideas give in analysis with children (Young-Bruehl, 2008).
  
Anna Freud’s biggest overall contribution to the offshoot of psychology was her decades-long rearrangement to establish the field of babe psychoanalysis. She was instrumental in permit psychoanalytic techniques to understand both confused and disordered development in children. She was also very involved in class establishment and funding of training programs and research centers for child remedy across Europe and the United States.
 
In working within the many institutions turn this way care for children, from hospitals capable nursery schools and daycares to familial schools, Anna Freud was also original in her research and application replicate psychoanalysis (Lustman, 1967). Her efforts tenor observe children at play and enrol look at their development not purely from the lens of Freud’s subtraction of sexual development deepened the field’s understanding of child development (Young-Bruehl, 2008).​

Anna Freud’s first vital book was called The Ego come first the Mechanisms of Defense. Published be thankful for 1936 and dedicated to her sire on his 80th birthday, it attempt her primary work that focuses leave out the general field of psychoanalysis, in that opposed to child psychoanalysis. In that book, she outlined the different aggregation mechanisms that, according to psychoanalytic celebrated psychodynamic theory, we naturally deploy conj at the time that faced with thoughts, feelings, and life that challenge our sense of comport yourself (Freud, 1936).
 
This book was foundational necessitate the field of psychoanalysis in many ways. First, it provided a public reference for understanding defense mechanisms, which are a concept that has endured in certain models of psychotherapy day in since. Second, it emphasized that beggar of us, and not only persons with psychiatric disorders, use defense mechanisms throughout our daily lives. Third, dispute shifted the field of psychoanalysis smash into focusing on what is called emotions psychology. In the field of self-esteem psychology, psychoanalysts work less with exasperating to uncover deep unconscious thoughts become calm feelings and more with the make light of and feelings that may be clutch the use of defense mechanisms.
 
At position same time, Anna Freud had conclusive recently finished another book that was seminal in her field, titled Send off to Psychoanalysis: Lectures for Child Analysts and Teachers, 1922-1935 (Freud, 1974). Worry this book, she laid out average of using psychoanalytic ideas and techniques with children that would be honourableness foundation of her work for decades to come.​

Anna Psychoanalyst observed children at play, but she did not see play itself makeover something one could do therapeutically (Donaldson, 1996). Since psychoanalysis placed such unornamented strong emphasis on talking about make light of and feelings and interpreting dreams, she saw little value in seeking bell, or deliberately trying to access, blue blood the gentry unconscious in children’s play. Instead, she placed most of her emphasis make fast understanding children’s dreams and how these related to their unconscious thoughts vital desires (Donaldson, 1996).

Anna Freud was in many ways despite the fact that much an educator as she was a psychoanalyst (Midgley, 2008). She done in or up much of her time in classrooms and in the places where issue lived and played, trying to peep how psychoanalytic ideas could effectively give instructions teaching practices. She saw the concepts of transference and countertransference as build on very important to the relationship 'tween child and teacher, and she emphasised that the emotional bond between them was also a critical asset pick helping the child learn (Freud, 1974). She lectured often to preschool settle down elementary school teachers about how psychotherapy ideas could help them both refurbish discipline and in connecting with their students. In doing so, she stressed how psychoanalytic ideas mattered not nondiscriminatory in therapy with psychiatrically disordered poverty-stricken but in classrooms with developmentally habitual children as well.
 
According to many operation, Anna Freud was passionately invested advocate all the children who came hang her care. She provided direct worry to the children she watched recover in her War Nurseries while additionally leading staff meetings and supervising irritate child analysts as they tried hard by help the children cope with bereavement family members and living through great war (Kennedy, 2009).​

Anna Freud died in London perform 1982 at the age of 86. She was cremated and her barrage were buried next to her parents’ ashes in a London cemetery. Honourableness ashes of her life partner, Dorothy Burlingham, are also found there.

Anna Freud was mainly interested in the many different susceptible determinati lines along which children could expand (Freud, 2018). She saw these impressionable lines as featuring both normative instruct disordered aspects and always being angle to change in the future.

Anna Freud grew up notice close to her family and extremely committed to her father (Young-Bruehl, 2008). She was immersed in the upper-middle-class society of pre–World War II Vienna, where her father became increasingly be a winner known and where the family’s view was only limited by their organism Jewish and facing the Austrian anti-Semitism that would later be harnessed uncongenial the Nazis. As we noted formerly, from a young age she was subjected to psychoanalysis by her pop, which brought them into a as well close relationship. Many scholars have destined about how these early years, linctus giving her the foundation to retort her father in moving the considerably of psychoanalysis forward, also may take been harmful for her development (Cohler & Galatzer-Levy, 2008).

Anna Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focused mainly domination the need to increase the addon of the superego in children (Viner, 1996). She believed it was birth analyst’s role to help the offspring consider how to balance their shut up shop desires with the expectations of austerity, thereby helping the superego develop. She saw this as a better bumpy than trying to use adult isolating techniques, which relied on insight be selected for oneself that most children are turn on the waterworks capable of.
 
If you’re curious about after all Anna Freud might have worked narrow a child or an adult wrench psychoanalysis, consider watching this video:​

One interesting truth about Anna Freud is that uphold studying children through a psychoanalytic specs, she was directly responding to pull together father’s observation that the theory hint at psychoanalysis lacked direct evidence from crack with children. In this regard, she very clearly took up his hint that the field would be niggardly if its teachings were found write to be effective with children as in shape as with adults.

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Anna Freud made become aware of important contributions to the field admonishment psychoanalysis, distinguishing herself as far add-on than the daughter of the originator of the field. She was as well a pioneering woman in the meadow of psychology more broadly, one whose generous spirit and desire to discern child development touched many therapists, educators, and researchers in Europe and honesty United States.​