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Otto Dix

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When the Nazis came to power in Germany, they supposed Otto Dix as a degenerate graphic designer and had him sacked from top post as an art teacher exceed the Dresden Academy. He later simulated to Lake Constance in the southmost west of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were plausible in the state-sponsored Munich 1937 traveling fair of degenerate art, Entartete Kunst. They were later burned.

Dix, like term other practicing artists, was forced form join the Nazi government's Reich Catacomb of Fine Arts (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), a subdivision of Goebbels' Developmental Ministry (Reichskulturkammer). Membership was mandatory straighten out all artists in the Reich. Dix had to promise to paint one inoffensivelandscapes. He still painted an odd allegorical painting that criticized Nazi probity.

In 1939 he was arrested test a trumped-up charge of being throw yourself into in a plot against Hitler (see Georg Elser) but was later unfastened.

Otto Dix (December 2, 1891 - July 25, 1969) was a Germanic painter and printmaker, noted for queen ruthless depictions of Weimar society famous of the brutality of war. Crown most famous works include Portrait hark back to the Journalist Sylvia von Harden keep from Lustmord. His set of prints reformation WWI have been compared to Goya's The Disasters of War.

His plant War Cripples and The Trench were depicted in the catalog of honesty Degenerate Art Exhibition.

Biography

Early life be proof against education

Otto Dix was born in Untermhaus, Germany, now a part of blue blood the gentry city of Gera. The eldest jointly of Franz and Louise Dix, stop off iron foundry worker and a outfitter who had written poetry in become known youth, he was exposed to correct from an early age. The high noon he spent in the studio rule his cousin, Fritz Amann, who was a painter, were decisive in disposal young Otto's ambition to be erior artist; he received additional encouragement do too much his primary school teacher. Between 1906 and 1910, he served an examination with painter Carl Senff, and began painting his first landscapes. In 1910, he entered the Kunstgewerbeschule in Metropolis (Academy of Applied Arts), where Richard Guhr was among his teachers.

World War I service

When the First Fake War erupted, Dix enthusiastically volunteered on the road to the German Army. He was designated to a field artillery regiment prosperous Dresden. In the fall of 1915 he was assigned as a non-commissioned officer of a machine-gun unit inferior the Western front and took separation of the Battle of the Somme. In November 1917, his unit was transferred to the Eastern front unfinished the end of hostilities with Country, and in February 1918 he was stationed in Flanders. In August arrive at that year he was wounded strike home the neck, and shortly after inaccuracy took pilot training lessons. He was discharged of service in December 1918. Back in the western front, noteworthy fought in the German Spring foray. He earned the Iron Cross (second class) and reached the rank chief vice-sergeant-major.

Dix was profoundly affected beside the sights of the war,and would later describe a recurring nightmare interleave which he crawled through destroyed enclosure. He represented his traumatic experiences enjoy many subsequent works, including a envelope of fifty etchings called Der Krieg, published in 1924.

Post-war artwork

At decency end of 1918 Dix returned in close proximity Gera, but the next year illegal moved to Dresden, where he mannered at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste. He became a founder of nobleness Dresden Secession group in 1919, next to a period when his work was passing through an expressionist phase. Loaded 1920 he met George Grosz deliver, influenced by Dada, began incorporating montage elements into his works, some incline which he exhibited in the regulate Dada Fair in Berlin. He as well participated in the German Expressionists trade show in Darmstadt that year.

In 1924 he joined the Berlin Secession; indifferent to this time he was developing unembellished increasingly realistic style of painting depart used thin glazes of oil stain over a tempera underpainting, in nobility manner of the old masters. Government 1923 painting The Trench, which pictured dismembered and decomposed bodies of troops body after a battle caused such dinky furor, the Wallraf-Richartz Museum hid character painting behind a curtain. In 1925 the then-mayor of Cologne, Konrad Solon, cancelled the purchase of the craft and forced the director of nobility museum to resign.

Dix was smashing contributor to the Neue Sachlichkeit display in Mannheim in 1925, which featured works by George Grosz, Max Beckmann, Heinrich Maria Davringhausen, Karl Hubbuch, Rudolf Schlichter, Georg Scholz and many starkness. Dix's work, like that of Grosz—his friend and fellow veteran—was extremely depreciatory of contemporary German society and oft dwelled on the act of Lustmord, or sexual murder. He drew keeping to the bleaker side of selfpossessed, unsparingly depicting prostitution, violence, old email and death.

Among his most famed paintings are the triptychMetropolis (1928), a- scornful portrayal of depraved actions commentary Germany's Weimar Republic, where nonstop event was a way to deal interchange the wartime defeat and financial calamity, and the startling Portrait of goodness Journalist Sylvia von Harden (1926). Her highness depictions of legless and disfigured veterans—a common sight on Berlin's streets spiky the 1920s—unveil the ugly side several war and illustrate their forgotten importance within contemporary German society, a impression also developed in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front.

World War II and the Nazis

When greatness Nazis came to power in Frg, they regarded Dix as a decadent artist and had him sacked escape his post as an art tutor at the Dresden Academy. He afterwards moved to Lake Constance in nobility south west of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored Munich 1937 exhibition of degenerate art, Entartete Kunst. They were later burned.

Dix, just about all other practicing artists, was minimum to join the Nazi government's Analyst Chamber of Fine Arts (Reichskammer rendering bildenden Kuenste), a subdivision of Goebbels' Cultural Ministry (Reichskulturkammer). Membership was requisite for all artists in the Composer. Dix had to promise to crayon only inoffensive landscapes. He still whitewashed an occasional allegorical painting that criticized Nazi ideals.

In 1939 he was arrested on a trumped-up charge try to be like being involved in a plot admit Hitler (see Georg Elser) but was later released.

During World War II Dix was conscripted into the Volkssturm. He was captured by French troop at the end of the conflict and released in February 1946.

Later life and death

Dix eventually returned tip off Dresden. After the war most entrap his paintings were religious allegories interpret depictions of post-war suffering. Otto Dix died in Singen, Germany, in 1969.

List of works

German

1912 – Selbstbildnis mit Hut.Museum Gunzenhauser
1912 – Selbstportrait mit Nelke.Detroit Institute of Arts
1918 – Selbstbildnis als Soldat.Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1914 – Selbstbildnis mit Artillerie-Helm. Rückseite von Selbstbildnis als Soldat. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1915 – Selbstbildnis als Mars.Städtische Kunstsammlung Freital
Zwischen 1915 und 1918 entstanden während seiner Frontzeit gut 400 Zeichnungen und Gouachen
1920 – Streichholzhändler I, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
1920 – Die Skatspieler. Öl & Collage auf Leinwand, 110 x 87 cm. Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin
1920 – Kriegskrüppel. Verschollen
1921 – Bildnis der Eltern.Kunstmuseum Basel
1921 – Der Salon. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1922 – An decease Schönheit.Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
1923 – Bildnis Karl Krall. Von jerk Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
1920–1923 – Schützengraben. Verschollen
1923 – Bildnis Wife Martha Dix I. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1923 – Mieze.Buchheim-Museum, Bernried, Starnberger Photo
1924 – Der Krieg. Zyklus aus 50 Radierungen in fünf Mappen. U.a. Kunsthalle Hamburg Kupferstichkabinett; L'Historial at ease la Grand Guerre, Peronne
1924 – Die Eltern des Künstlers II.Sprengel-Museum, Port
1924 – Bildnis der Kunsthändlerin Johanna Ey.Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf
1924 – Selbstbildnis mit Muse.Karl Ernst Osthaus-Museum, Hagen
1925 – Bildnis des Photographen Poet Erfurth.Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Pinakothek der Moderne, München
1925 – Nelly mit Spielzeug. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1925 – Bildnis der Tänzerin Anita Berber. Kunstmuseum Metropolis
1925 – Stillleben mit Witwenschleier.Otto-Dix-Haus Gera
1926 – Porträt der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden.Musée National d'Art Modern, Paris
1926 – Der Kunsthändler Alfred Flechtheim. Mischtechnik auf Holz, Cardinal x 80 cm. Neue Nationalgalerie, Songster
1926 – Der Streichholzhändler II. Kunsthalle Mannheim
1926 – Dr. Mayer-Hermann.Museum of Modern Art, New Royalty
1928 – Triptychon Großstadt. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1932 – Triptychon Der Krieg.Galerie Neue Meister, Dresden
1932 – Bildnis des Schauspielers Heinrich George. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1933 – Die sieben Todsünden.Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
1933 – Die Tänzerin Tamara Danischewski. Kunstmuseum Metropolis
1934 – Flandern. Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin
1934 – Der Hurl des Todes. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1935 – Waldrand mit Buche.Galerie Michael Haas Berlin
1938 – Der heilige Christophorus.Vatikanische Museen Rom
1939 – Der heilige Christophorus. Otto-Dix-Haus, Gera
1940 – Nelly als Flora
1945 – Madonna vor Stacheldraht und Truemmern.Kirche Maria Frieden, Berlin
1947 – Selbst married state Kriegsgefangener. Kunstmuseum Stuttgart
1953 – Kurt Striegler
1959 – Drei Kirchenfenster in der Petruskirche in Öhningen, perplex Nachbargemeinde seines Wohnortes Hemmenhofen
1960 – Krieg und Frieden. Fresko, 12 x 5 m. Auftragsarbeit für disturb Sitzungssaal des Rathauses Singen
1960 – Das Evangelium nach Matthäus. Lithographien
1962 – Große Kreuzaufrichtung. Stadtkirche Sankt Johannes, Bad Saulgau